Pengelana Misteri

Kinderschema (dari bahasa Jerman: Kindchenschema ) adalah konsep yang pertama kali diperkenalkan oleh ahli etologi Austria, Konrad Lorenz, pada tahun 1943. Definisi: Kinderschema adalah seperangkat fitur fisik kekanakan atau infantil yang secara naluriah (bawaan) memicu perasaan "keimutan" ( cuteness ) dan mengaktifkan motivasi untuk merawat ( caretaking behavior ) pada pengamat. Dalam ilmu etologi, Kinderschema diklasifikasikan sebagai mekanisme pelepasan bawaan ( innate releasing mechanism ) yang berfungsi untuk memastikan kelangsungan hidup keturunan ( offspring survival ). Fitur-fitur ini bertindak sebagai sinyal biologis yang memohon perlindungan dari orang dewasa. Efek Kinderschema pada Manusia Ketika fitur-fitur Kinderschema ini terdeteksi oleh otak, ia akan memicu serangkaian respons yang disebut Baby Schema Response atau Cute Response. 1. Aktivasi Sistem Imbalan Otak Pusat Kesenangan: Melihat Kinderschema secara cepat mengaktifkan nucleus accumbens di otak, yaitu str...

The bystander effect is a social psychological phenomenon where individuals are less likely to help a person in distress when other people are present. The presence of others creates a diffusion of responsibility, meaning each person feels less personally responsible to act, expecting someone else will intervene. This leads to a decreased likelihood that any one person will offer help. The theory was first widely recognized after the 1964 murder of Kitty Genovese in New York, reported as having multiple witnesses who did not intervene. Research shows that as the number of bystanders increases, the chance of intervention decreases. Several psychological factors contribute to the effect, including diffusion of responsibility, fear of being judged by others (evaluation apprehension), and the tendency to look to others to interpret ambiguous situations (pluralistic ignorance). The bystander effect applies in various settings, from emergencies to workplace environments. Psychological mode...